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Introduction About K STALL SACHET
K STALL SACHET contains Calcium Polystyrene Sulphonate which belongs to the group of medicines called Ion Exchange Resins. It is used to manage increased potassium levels in blood (hyperkalemia) due to acute and chronic renal failure that occurs after certain conditions. K STALL SACHET is also used in patients with hyperkalemia associated with anuria, severe oliguria (condition marked by low urine output) and in patients requiring dialysis. Hyperkalemia is a condition of abnormally raised levels of potassium in the blood, generally characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhoea, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, muscle weakness, numbness, nausea, and vomiting.
Avoid taking K STALL SACHET with orange juice or other fruit juices that are known to raise the blood potassium levels. It is not recommended for use if you are allergic to calcium polystyrene sulfonate and in patients with other conditions such as bowel obstruction or blocked intestine, thyroid problems and high blood calcium levels. K STALL SACHET should be used with caution if you have breathing or chest problems, kidney or heart problems.
K STALL SACHET should be used with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It should be used with caution in children and adolescents (below 18 years of age). Consult your doctor before taking. The common side effects associated with the use of K STALL SACHET are tiredness, confusion, muscle weakness, muscle cramps, altered heart rate, nausea and vomiting. Contact your doctor if any of the side effects worsens.
Uses Of K STALL SACHET
It is used to manage:
- hyperkalemia due to acute and chronic renal failure
- hyperkalemia (associated with anuria, severe oliguria and in patients requiring dialysis)
How K STALL SACHET Works
K STALL SACHET works by releasing calcium ions in the stomach which binds to hydrogen ions and it gets exchanged with free potassium ions in the large intestine, that gets eliminated with the faeces along with the excess potassium ions thereby resulting in reduced potassium levels in the body.
How to use K STALL SACHET
Take K STALL SACHET as advised by your physician. Avoid using orange juice or other fruit juices. Your doctor will decide the correct dose and duration for you depending upon your age, body weight and disease condition.
Side Effects Of K STALL SACHET
Common
- tiredness
- confusion
- muscle weakness
- muscle cramps
- altered heart rate
- excessive thirst, frequent urination
- abnormal eye movements, convulsions, weakness
- nausea
- vomiting
- constipation
Uncommon
- loss of appetite
- diarrhoea
- stomach upset
- abdominal pain
- gut blockage
- stomach ulcer
- intestinal obstruction
Rare
- large, dry and hard stool (particularly in children following rectal administration)
- undigested aggregates in the intestine
- intestinal perforations (due to cell damage of large intestine)
Stop taking K STALL SACHET and contact your doctor if you experience any of the following side effects:
- severe stomach or rectal pain
- severe bloating and constipation
- severe nausea and vomiting
- black, bloody or tarry stools
- coughing with blood and vomiting (that looks like coffee grounds)
- signs of allergic reactions such as sneezing, itchy nose, wheezing, itchy and red skin
- stomach irritation and bleeding
- faecal impaction (hard lump of stool causing liquid stool, stomach pain)
- signs of bowel obstruction and perforation such as cramping, severe stomach pain, chills, fever
How To Manage Side Effects
Constipation
Try to eat more high-fibre foods such as fresh fruit, vegetables, cereals and drink plenty of water. Try doing exercise regularly (going for a daily walk or run). If this does not help, inform your doctor for receiving alternate managements for constipation.
Diarrhea
Drink lot of fluids, such as water to keep yourself hydrated. Try to avoid taking any medicine on your own to manage diarrhoea and consult your doctor if the symptom gets worse.
Nausea And Vomiting
Stick to simple meals. Avoid eating oily, fried or spicy foods. Do not sleep or lie down immediately after eating. Consult your doctor if the symptom gets worse.
Tiredness
Drink plenty of fluid and eat balanced diet and frequent meals. Do regular minimal exercise and follow regular sleep schedule. Consult your doctor if the symptom does not improve.
Warning & Precautions
Pregnancy
Use with CautionK STALL SACHET should be used with caution in pregnant women and in women who are planning to get pregnant. Consult your doctor before taking K STALL SACHET.
Breastfeeding
Use with CautionK STALL SACHET should be used with caution in breastfeeding mothers. Consult your doctor before taking K STALL SACHET.
Driving and Using Machines
Use with CautionDo not drive or operate machines if K STALL SACHET impairs your ability to drive or operate machines. Consult your doctor before taking K STALL SACHET.
Kidney
Use with CautionK STALL SACHET should be used with caution in patients with kidney problems such as renal insufficiency, chronic kidney failure and also in patients undergoing dialysis. Consult your doctor before taking K STALL SACHET.
Allergy
ContraindicatedK STALL SACHET is not recommended for use if you are allergic or have a history of allergy to Calcium polystyrene sulfonate, or any other ingredients of this medicine.
Lungs
Use with CautionK STALL SACHET should be used with caution in patients with breathing, lung or chest problems. Consult your doctor before taking K STALL SACHET.
Heart Disease
Use with CautionK STALL SACHET should be used with caution in patients with heart problems. Consult your doctor before taking K STALL SACHET.
Use In Pediatrics
Use with CautionK STALL SACHET should be used with caution in children and adolescents (below 18 years of age). It should be used with extreme caution when indicated for use in premature or low birth weight infants. Consult child’s doctor for advice.
Use In Geriatrics
Use with CautionK STALL SACHET should be used with caution in elderly patients (aged above 65 years). Consult your doctor before taking K STALL SACHET.
Others
K STALL SACHET is not recommended for use if you have:
- low levels of potassium in the blood
- conditions associated with high blood calcium levels such as hyperparathyroidism (thyroid disease), or multiple myeloma, sarcoidosis or metastatic carcinoma
- obstructive bowel disease
Before taking K STALL SACHET, inform your doctor if you:
- have history of intestinal disease or surgery
- are under immunosuppressant therapy
- have severe burns
- have constipation
- have gastroparesis (delayed gastric emptying)
- have low blood volume due to dehydration or bleeding.
- have signs of electrolyte imbalance (condition marked by loss of large amount of body fluids)
Interactions
A. Drug-Drug Interactions:
Before taking K STALL SACHET, inform your doctor, if you are taking any of the following medicines:
- medicines used to manage heart problems (ex. Digitalis)
- medicines used for acid reflux or constipation such as non-absorbable cation-donating antacids and laxatives (ex. magnesium hydroxide, aluminium carbonate)
- medicines used to manage heart burn or peptic ulcer (ex. aluminium hydroxide)
- medicines used to manage underactive thyroid (ex. levothyroxine, thyroxine)
- medicines used to manage depression (ex. Lithium)
- calcium (used as a calcium supplement in diet)
B. Drug-Food Interactions:
Avoid taking K STALL SACHET with orange juice or other fruit juices that are known to raise the blood potassium levels.
Overdosage:
If you or anyone else accidentally takes too much of K STALL SACHET, consult your doctor immediately or visit the nearby hospital. Overdosage symptoms of K STALL SACHET are irritability, confusion, muscle weakness, diminished reflexes, paralysis, inability to concentrate, delayed thought process, breathing problems, fast/pounding heartbeat, muscle cramps, sleep apnea (serious sleep disorder) and irregular heartbeat.
Synopsis
| Drug | : | Calcium polystyrene sulphonate |
| Pharmacological Category | : | Ion exchange resins |
| Therapeutic Indication | : | Hyperkalaemia |
| Dosage Forms | : | Powder, Sachet |
More Information
- Keep the medicine out of reach of children
- Store K STALL SACHET at room temperature
FAQs About K STALL SACHET
Q: What is K STALL SACHET used for?
A: It is used to manage increased potassium levels in blood (hyperkalemia) due to acute and chronic renal failure that occurs after certain conditions. K STALL SACHET is also used in patients with hyperkalemia associated with anuria, severe oliguria (condition marked by low urine output) and in patients requiring dialysis.
Q: What happens if you take more K STALL SACHET than your required dose?
A: If you or anyone else accidentally takes too much of K STALL SACHET, consult your doctor immediately or visit the nearby hospital. Overdosage symptoms of K STALL SACHET are irritability, confusion, muscle weakness, diminished reflexes, paralysis, inability to concentrate, breathing problems, pounding heartbeat, or muscle cramps.
Q: Who should avoid taking K STALL SACHET?
A: K STALL SACHET is not recommended for use if you are allergic to calcium polystyrene sulfonate and in patients with other conditions such as bowel obstruction or blocked intestine, thyroid problems or high levels of calcium in your blood such as excessive thirst, frequent urination.
Q: How does K STALL SACHET work?
A: K STALL SACHET works by releasing calcium ions in the stomach which binds to hydrogen ions and it gets exchanged with free potassium ions in the large intestine, that gets eliminated with the faeces along with the excess potassium ions thereby resulting in reduced potassium levels in the body.
Q: How to take K STALL SACHET?
A: Take K STALL SACHET as advised by your physician. Avoid using orange juice or other fruit juices. Your doctor will decide the correct dose of K STALL SACHET and duration for you depending upon your age, body weight and disease condition.
Q: When to stop taking K STALL SACHET?
A: Stop taking K STALL SACHET and contact your doctor if you experience any of the serious side effects such as severe stomach or rectal pain, bloating, severe constipation, severe nausea and vomiting, abnormal stools (black, bloody, or tarry), coughing with blood, or vomit resembling coffee grounds.
References
1. Sidhartha D. Ray. Side Effects of Drugs Annual 41. Cation Exchange Resins. First Edition. 2019. Page – 239.
2. Nobuhiro Takeuchi, Yusuke Nomura, Testuo Meda, Masato Iida, Akihito Ohtsuka, Kazuyoshi Naba. Development of Colonic Perforation during Calcium Polystyrene Sulfonate Administration: A Case Report. NIH National Library of Medicine. National Centre for Biotechnology Information. PMC PubMed Central. December 2013. [Accessed on 23rd July 2022] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872384/
3. Jing Wang, Meng-Meng Lv, Odeh Zach, Ling-Yu Wang, Meng-Ying Zhou, Gui-Rong Song, Xu Zhang, Hong-Li Lin. Calcium-Polystyrene Sulfonate Decreases Inter-Dialytic Hyperkalemia in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Prospective, Randomized, Crossover Study. NIH National Library of Medicine, National center for biotechnology information. Pubmed.gov. December 2018. [Accessed on 23rd July 2022] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30109784/
4. Hospimax. Potblok (Calcium Polystyrene Sulphonate 15 gm). [Accessed on 23rd July 2022] http://www.hospimax.com/formulation/PotbloK%20Website%20Content.pdf
5. Sanofi-aventis Canada Inc. Resonium calcium. [Revised in September 2018] [Accessed on 23rd July 2022] https://products.sanofi.ca/en/resonium-calcium.pdf
6. Laboratorios Rubio, S.A. Industria. Electronic Medicines Compendium (EMC). [Revised in October 2021] [Accessed on 23rd July 2022] https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/files/pil.13346.pdf
Useful Diagnostic Tests
- C Reactive Protein (CRP)
- Bilirubin Profile
- Kidney Function Test (KFT)
- Liver Function Test (LFT)
- Lipid Profile Test/Cholesterol-Total, Serum
- Lipid Profile-Extended
- Creatinine, Serum
- Uric Acid, Serum
- Albumin, Serum
- Alkaline Phosphatase, Serum
- Hdl Cholesterol Direc
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