A powerful serum to effectively diminish the appearance of Melasma, PIE, PIH, and hyperpigmentation. With the power of 3% Tranexamic Acid and 1% Hydroxyphenoxy Propionic Acid which inhibits melanin transfer with great efficacy and prevents UVB damage 3% Tranexamic Acid: which is a derivative of the amino acid lysine. It reduces the activity of melanocyte tyrosinase thereby treating melasma, UV-induced hyperpigmentation, and other post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation Contains 1% HPA (Hydroxyphenoxy Propionic Acid): which is proven to prevent melanogenesis better than ascorbyl glucoside, kojic acid, and arbutin. It also has equivalent efficacy to hydroquinone without cytotoxicity. 3% Mandelic Acid which gently exfoliates & further reduces post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (like acne scars) Our source for HPA is Radianskin, which is a high performance active developed by BASF, Germany