Uses of Cyclophosphamide

Cyclophosphamide is used to restrict growth of malicious cells in malignant diseases in adults and children such as malignant lymphomas (Stages III and IV), Hodgkin’s disease, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, lymphocytic lymphoma (nodular or diffuse), mixed-cell type lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous and monocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, mycosis fungoides, neuroblastoma, adenocarcinoma of the ovary, retinoblastoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, breast cancer.

It is also indicated for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome in children who fail to adequately respond to or are unable to tolerate adrenocorticosteroid therapy. It is not recommended for use in patients with acute infections, bone-marrow aplasia, and urinary tract infections like cystitis, acute urothelial toxicity from cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or urinary outflow obstruction.

Therapeutic Category

Cyclophosphamide: Alkylating agents

How Cyclophosphamide works

Cyclophosphamide works by interfering with the malignant cell growth by cross-linking of cancer cells’ DNA. It also transfers alkyl groups to DNA during the process of cell division, thus preventing the normal synthesis of DNA. Therefore, stopping the growth and multiplication of cancer cells.

Common side effects of Cyclophosphamide

• Impairment of spermatogenesis
• Cystitis
• Hair loss
• Bleeding disorder
• Immunosuppression
• Hematuria
• Fever
• Asthenia
• Infection
• Mucosal inflammation 

When to consult your doctor

Consult your doctor:

• In case of accidental overdosage
• If you experience allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, skin rash, itching, wheezing, swelling of the face, lips, ankles/legs causing shortness of breath or coughing
• If you experience liver disease such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eye)
• If you experience palpitations, sudden weight gain, dizziness or loss of consciousness
• If you experience signs of infection include fever, sore throat, cold, cough and shivery
• If you experience signs of anaemia such as being very pale, fatigue, headache, faintness, shortness of breath, irritability
• If you experience signs of bleeding from gums, bruising, petechiae
• If you experience hematuria (blood in urine), pain while passing urine, or less urine being passed

Health Tips for Cyclophosphamide

• Cyclophosphamide is a potent medication with potential serious side effects. It should only be taken under the strict supervision of a qualified healthcare provider who is experienced in its use
• Take cyclophosphamide exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not alter the dosage, frequency, or duration of use without consulting your healthcare provider
• Drinking plenty of fluids can help prevent potential kidney problems associated with cyclophosphamide use. Proper hydration is important to support kidney function and minimize the risk of bladder complications
• Cyclophosphamide can suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of infections. Practice good hygiene, avoid contact with sick individuals, and promptly report any signs of infection (fever, sore throat, etc.) to your healthcare provider
• Cyclophosphamide treatment can lead to hair loss. Consider using gentle hair care products and explore options such as wigs or head coverings if hair loss occurs
• Cyclophosphamide can increase sensitivity to sunlight, making your skin more prone to sunburn. Use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and avoid excessive sun exposure
• Cyclophosphamide can be harmful to developing fetuses. If you are of reproductive age and sexually active, discuss contraception methods with your healthcare provider to prevent pregnancy during and after treatment
• Alcohol can exacerbate the side effects of cyclophosphamide, particularly those related to the liver. It's best to limit or avoid alcohol during treatment
• Do not become pregnant or breastfeed while taking cyclophosphamide, as it can cause serious harm to the developing fetus or nursing baby