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Introduction About SILNAFIL TABLET
Silnafil 25mg Tablet (Sildenafil) is a well-established oral medicine primarily used for addressing erectile difficulties in adults and supporting vascular health in specific medical scenarios. Its effect is based on increasing blood flow by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5), thus helping suitable individuals experience improvement in certain related symptoms under medical supervision.
This tablet is typically ideal for adult males experiencing persistent erection problems. It may also be considered for adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), where it assists blood flow in the lung arteries, especially in patients categorized by New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II-III symptoms or who have not responded adequately to conventional approaches. People aged 65 and above, and those with kidney or liver problems, may need lower starting dosages due to altered drug metabolism.
Silnafil tablets should be used as directed by a healthcare professional—commonly taken 30–60 minutes before intended activity for ED. Only one dose should be taken in a 24-hour period. For PAH, dosing may be adjusted to multiple daily doses. It's recommended to swallow the tablet whole with water, and avoid splitting or crushing. Important precautions include never combining with nitrate medicines and limiting alcohol, as this combination can sharply reduce blood pressure. Patients should disclose all existing health conditions before use; particular caution is advised for those with cardiovascular disease, eye or retinal disorders, severe hypotension, or impaired kidney or liver function.
Use of sildenafil in pregnancy and breastfeeding is generally not indicated unless medically advised and monitored, as safety evidence is insufficient for routine use in these groups. Common side effects may include headache, flushing, nasal congestion, dizziness, indigestion, and mild visual disturbance. If severe allergic reaction, prolonged erection, or sudden vision/hearing changes occur, prompt medical attention is essential.
Uses Of SILNAFIL TABLET
- For erectile dysfunction (ED) in men
- Manage pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
Benefits of SILNAFIL TABLET
Supports better blood flow for erectile dysfunction
Silnafil 25mg Tablet works by selectively blocking the enzyme phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), leading to increased levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in penile tissue. This biochemical change relaxes the blood vessels in the corpus cavernosum and allows for greater blood flow into the penis during sexual stimulation, supporting firmer and sustained erections when needed. This mechanism is well tolerated and effective in men with persistent erection concerns.?
Reduces pulmonary artery pressure through improved blood flow
For pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), Silnafil 25mg Tablet helps relax smooth muscle within blood vessels of the lungs, directly lowering resistance in pulmonary arteries. This effect is achieved by increasing cGMP through PDE5 inhibition, making it easier for the heart to pump blood through the lungs and enhance oxygen delivery. Patients with PAH can experience improved exercise tolerance and reduced pressure load on the heart with regular, supervised use.?
How SILNAFIL TABLET Works
Promotes vascular relaxation and vasodilation
Silnafil 25mg Tablet works by selectively inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which breaks down cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). By blocking PDE5, it protects cGMP levels in vascular smooth muscle cells, especially in the penis and lungs. Elevated cGMP activates protein kinases that reduce intracellular calcium, causing relaxation of smooth muscles in blood vessel walls. This vasodilation leads to the widening of blood vessels and improved blood flow, supporting healthy vascular function.?
Improves blood flow in penile tissue for erection
During sexual stimulation, nitric oxide (NO) release in the penis triggers cGMP production, which relaxes smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum. Silnafil enhances this process by preventing cGMP degradation, resulting in increased blood inflow to the spongy tissue of the penis. This mechanism supports achieving and maintaining an erection adequate for sexual activity, making it effective for patients with erectile difficulties while requiring sexual stimulation for activation.?
Reduces pulmonary artery resistance in PAH patients
In pulmonary arterial hypertension, Silnafil increases cGMP levels within the smooth muscle of pulmonary blood vessels, causing relaxation and widening of these arteries. This reduces pulmonary arterial resistance and pressure, making it easier for the heart to pump blood through the lungs. The resulting improved blood flow enhances oxygen delivery and exercise capacity for PAH patients, supporting better cardiopulmonary function under medical supervision.?
How to use SILNAFIL TABLET
Recommended Dosage for Silnafil 25mg
- Typical starting dose for erectile difficulties is 50mg once daily as needed, but patients with certain conditions or aged above 65 often begin at 25mg.
- Maximum recommended dose per day is 100mg; do not exceed one dose within 24 hours.
- Take Silnafil 25mg 30–60 minutes before intended activity, or up to 4 hours prior; dosage may be adjusted by a doctor depending on effectiveness and tolerability.
- For pulmonary hypertension, typical adult dose is 20mg three times a day, but this may vary and requires strict medical supervision.
- Always follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider for best results and to minimize side effects
Administration Guidelines for Sildenafil 25mg
- Swallow tablet whole with water; do not split, crush or chew.
- Take on an empty stomach for faster onset; high-fat meals may delay action.
- Avoid grapefruit juice as it interferes with drug absorption.
- Never use more than prescribed, and do not take more than once in 24 hours.
- If using for pulmonary hypertension, space doses evenly throughout the day (as directed by a doctor), typically 4–6 hours apart.
- Inform your doctor about all current medications and health conditions before use.
What if I forgot to take SILNAFIL TABLET
- For erectile difficulties, take Silnafil only as needed; missed doses are not an issue unless you planned sexual activity.
- For pulmonary hypertension, take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is nearly time for your next scheduled dose—then skip it and take your next dose at the usual time.
- Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed dose.
- Consistent missed doses may lower drug effectiveness for PAH; setting reminders can help maintain your schedule.
Overdose
In case of an overdose of Silnafil 25mg, symptoms may include headache, dizziness, indigestion, nasal congestion, changes in vision, low blood pressure, or fainting. Severe overdose can cause serious complications such as prolonged erections (priapism), sudden vision loss, hearing changes, or increased shortness of breath. If overdose is suspected, seek immediate medical attention. It is crucial never to take more than the prescribed dose or to take doses more frequently than advised by a healthcare professional to avoid these risks and ensure safe use of the medication.
Side Effects Of SILNAFIL TABLET
Common Side Effects of MANFORCE 100MG TABLET
- nausea
- facial flushing or hot flushes
- indigestion
- blurred vision, eye redness, visual disturbance
- nasal congestion, nasal allergies causing repeated sneezing or itching
- dizziness
- skin rashes
- pounding heartbeat
- muscle pain, arm pain
- upper abdominal pain, heartburn
- nosebleeds
- tiredness
- headache
Stop taking MANFORCE 100MG TABLET and consult your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following serious (rare) side effects,
- Severe allergic reaction (causing difficulty in breathing or dizziness, swelling of the eyelids, face, lips or throat)
- Chest pains (typically during or after intercourse)
- Prolonged and sometimes painful erections (priapism)
- having an erection which lasts for more than 4 hours, you should contact a doctor immediately.
- A sudden decrease or loss of vision
- serious skin reactions with peeling or blistering of skin
How To Manage Side Effects
Dizziness Or Drowsiness
- Sit or Lie Down: If you feel dizzy, sit down or lie down immediately to prevent falling. Keep your head still and close your eyes if needed.
- Hydrate: Dehydration can cause dizziness, so drink water or electrolyte-replenishing drinks like sports drinks.
- Avoid Sudden Movements: When standing or sitting, do so slowly to avoid triggering dizziness. Take your time when getting up.
- Eat Small, Regular Meals: Low blood sugar can cause dizziness, so eat small meals throughout the day and avoid skipping meals.
- Fresh Air: Sometimes dizziness can be alleviated by taking slow, deep breaths in a well-ventilated area.
Headache
- Rest in a Quiet, Dark Room: Find a calm, quiet space away from bright lights and loud noises. Lie down and close your eyes.
- Hydrate: Dehydration can contribute to headaches, so drink plenty of water.
- Apply a Cold or Warm Compress: A cold pack on your forehead may reduce pain, or a warm compress on your neck or shoulders can relieve tension.
- Over-the-Counter Pain Relief: You can take over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen if appropriate for you. Follow the recommended dosage.
- Practice Relaxation Techniques: Deep breathing exercises, meditation, or gentle stretching can help reduce stress and alleviate headache symptoms.
Nausea And Vomiting
- Eat Small, Frequent Meals: Avoid heavy or greasy foods. Opt for bland foods like crackers, toast, or bananas.
- Stay Hydrated: Sip on clear fluids like water, ginger tea, or electrolyte drinks, Avoid caffeinated and carbonated beverages.
- Ginger: Ginger is a natural remedy for nausea. Try ginger tea, ginger candies, or ginger ale (ensure it contains real ginger).
- Avoid Strong Odors: Minimize exposure to smells that might trigger nausea, such as perfumes or cooking odors.
Warning & Precautions
Pregnancy
ContraindicatedSilnafil 25mg Tablet is not indicated for use in women, as sildenafil 100 mg is primarily indicated for the management of erectile dysfunction in men. Contact your doctor for more.
Breastfeeding
ContraindicatedSilnafil 25mg Tablet is not indicated for use in women.
Driving and Using Machines
Use with CautionDo not drive or operate any machines if you experience dizziness or blurred vision after taking Silnafil 25mg Tablet.
Alcohol
Consult your doctorAvoid consumption of alcohol while taking Silnafil 25mg Tablet, as it may make you feel drowsier.
Kidney
Use with CautionThis medicine should be used with caution in patients with kidney diseases. Proper dose adjustments and careful monitoring are required in such patients. Therefore, if you have any pre-existing kidney conditions, inform your doctor prior to starting Silnafil 25mg Tablet as a precaution.
Liver
Consult your doctorSILNAFIL 25MG TABLET is not recommended for use in patients having severe liver diseases. It should be used with caution in patients with other minor liver problems. Therefore, inform your doctor about your liver conditions prior to taking Silnafil 25mg Tablet. Your doctor will suggest the suitable dose for you accordingly and carefully monitor your health status.
Allergy
ContraindicatedDo not take Silnafil 25mg Tablet if you are allergic to Sildenafil.
Lungs
Use with CautionSilnafil 25mg Tablet should be used with caution in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Therefore, consult your doctor before taking it.
Heart Disease
Consult your doctorSilnafil 25mg Tablet should be used with caution in heart patients, especially those taking nitrate medications or those with a history of heart attack, stroke, or severe heart conditions. Combining Silnafil 25mg Tablet with nitrates can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure. Always consult your doctor before using Silnafil 25mg Tablet if you have heart disease or low blood pressure to ensure safe use.
Use In Pediatrics
ContraindicatedSilnafil 25mg Tablet is not recommended for use in children and adolescents (below 18 years). Consult your doctor for advice.
Use In Geriatrics
Use with CautionSilnafil 25mg Tablet should be used with caution in elderly patients. As a precaution, elders must inform their health status and medications they take to their doctor prior to taking Silnafil 25mg Tablet.
Other Warnings for SILNAFIL TABLET
Before taking Silnafil 25mg Tablet, inform your doctor if you:
- Have sickle cell Anaemia
- Have cancers of the blood (leukemia) or bone marrow (multiple myeloma)
- Have penile deformation
- Have Peyronie’s disease
- Have a stomach ulcer or bleeding disorder such as haemophilia
Who should not take SILNAFIL TABLET
Silnafil 25mg Tablet is not recommended for use if you:
- Have any type of rare inherited eye disease
- Previously had vision loss due to non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (nerve damage caused by a lack of blood and oxygen supply to the eye)
Safety Advice
- Do not use Silnafil 25mg if you have allergies to sildenafil or any ingredients in the tablet to avoid severe allergic reactions.
- Avoid using this medicine with nitrate drugs (e.g., nitroglycerin) or nitric oxide donors as it can cause dangerous drops in blood pressure.
- Inform your doctor if you have heart problems, recent heart attack or stroke, low or high blood pressure, or history of heart failure before starting Silnafil.
- Do not take Silnafil with other PDE5 inhibitors or similar medications to prevent serious drug interactions and side effects.
- Take caution if you have liver or kidney disease, stomach ulcers, or blood disorders such as sickle cell anemia, as these may increase the risk of adverse reactions.
- Be aware of risks for priapism (prolonged erection lasting over 4 hours); seek immediate medical care if this occurs.
- Immediately report sudden vision loss, hearing decrease or loss, dizziness, or ringing in the ears to your doctor.
- Avoid alcohol while using Silnafil, as it can raise the risk of low blood pressure and dizziness.
- Do not use this medicine to protect against sexually transmitted diseases; practice safe measures and consult your doctor regarding protection.
- Always follow prescribed dosage and do not exceed the recommended daily limit to minimize side effects and ensure safe use.
- Inform all your healthcare providers when taking Silnafil, especially before undergoing any emergency medical treatment.
Diet and Lifestyle Advice
- Avoid high-fat meals before taking Silnafil 25mg, as they can delay the medication’s absorption and reduce its effectiveness.
- Do not consume grapefruit or grapefruit juice while using Silnafil, because they can increase the levels of the medication in your bloodstream and raise the risk of side effects.
- Limit alcohol intake, as excessive drinking can increase side effects such as dizziness and reduce Silnafil’s effectiveness.
- Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins to support overall health and enhance the medication’s benefits.
- Stay well-hydrated to help your body process the medication effectively.
- Avoid smoking and engage in regular physical activity to promote cardiovascular health, which can positively impact the effects of Silnafil.
- Follow your doctor’s guidance on diet and lifestyle to ensure optimal results and safety during treatment.
1. How does Silnafil 25mg effectiveness compare with generic Sildenafil brands?
|
Feature |
Silnafil 25 mg |
Generic Sildenafil 25 mg |
|
Active Ingredient |
Sildenafil Citrate |
Sildenafil Citrate |
|
Mechanism of Action |
PDE5 inhibitor – increases blood flow to the penis |
Same mechanism – PDE5 inhibitor |
|
Effectiveness in Erectile Dysfunction |
Effective for mild cases; helps achieve erections but may be less potent for moderate/severe ED |
Same level of effectiveness when the dose and quality are equivalent |
|
Clinical Outcome |
Similar success rate to other 25 mg sildenafil products |
Comparable success rate; depends on individual response |
|
Onset of Action |
30–60 minutes after intake |
30–60 minutes after intake |
|
Duration of Action |
Up to 4 hours (may be mild in effect) |
Up to 4 hours; similar duration |
|
Quality & Manufacturing |
Depends on brand standards, but works if approved and genuine |
Varies by manufacturer; regulated generic brands work the same |
|
Cost |
May be slightly higher due to branding |
Usually cheaper and more affordable |
|
Side Effects |
Mild (headache, flushing, dizziness) |
Same side effect profile as Silnafil 25 mg |
|
Conclusion |
Works similarly to generic versions; no major difference in effectiveness |
Equal in effectiveness if from a trusted manufacturer |
2. Is Silnafil 25mg better than higher doses like 50mg or 100mg?
|
Feature |
Silnafil 25 mg |
Silnafil/Sildenafil 50 mg |
Silnafil/Sildenafil 100 mg |
|
Erection Effectiveness |
Mild effect; works well in mild ED. |
Standard and more effective for most users. |
Strongest effect; works when lower doses fail. |
|
Success Rate (Intercourse Ability) |
Lower compared to higher doses. |
Higher success rate. |
Highest success rate but only if tolerated. |
|
Side Effects |
Lowest risk (mild headache, flushing, etc.). |
Moderate risk. |
Highest risk (headache, dizziness, vision changes). |
|
Best For |
First-time users, mild ED, older adults, heart patients, or those on interacting medicines. |
Most common starting dose for average adult with ED. |
Patients who didn’t respond to 50 mg and have no major health risks. |
|
Safety |
Safest dose; gentle on the body. |
Generally safe if no major health issues. |
Needs caution; may cause stronger reactions. |
|
Better Than Higher Doses? |
Better only in safety and fewer side effects. |
Better balance of effect and tolerance. |
Better only if stronger results are required and tolerated. |
Drug - Drug interaction
- Nitrates (e.g., Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide Mononitrate)
- Interaction: Causes a dangerous drop in blood pressure due to additive vasodilation.
- Management: Sildenafil must not be used concurrently with any nitrate medication. Avoid use if on nitrates.
- Alpha-blockers (e.g., Tamsulosin, Doxazosin, Alfuzosin)
- Interaction: Potential for significant blood pressure lowering and dizziness.
- Management: Use sildenafil cautiously; stable alpha-blocker therapy should be established first, and start sildenafil at a low dose with careful monitoring.
- sGC stimulators (e.g., Riociguat)
- Interaction: Additive blood pressure-lowering effect can cause severe hypotension.
- Management: Combination is contraindicated; avoid sildenafil use with riociguat.
- Protease inhibitors (e.g., Ritonavir, Saquinavir)
- Interaction: Increase sildenafil plasma levels by inhibiting metabolism, increasing side effect risk.
- Management: Reduce sildenafil dose and monitor closely.
- Antifungals (e.g., Ketoconazole, Itraconazole)
- Interaction: Inhibit CYP3A4 enzyme, elevating sildenafil levels.
- Management: Reduce sildenafil dose and monitor for adverse effects.
- Macrolide antibiotics (e.g., Clarithromycin, Erythromycin)
- Interaction: CYP3A4 inhibition raises sildenafil concentration.
- Management: Use lower sildenafil dose; monitor patient carefully.
- CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., Rifampin, Carbamazepine, St. John’s Wort)
- Interaction: Reduce sildenafil effectiveness by increasing metabolism.
- Management: Dose adjustment may be needed; consult healthcare provider.
- Blood pressure medications (e.g., Amlodipine, Lisinopril, Losartan)
- Interaction: Additive blood pressure reduction may cause hypotension.
- Management: Monitor blood pressure; adjust sildenafil dose if necessary.
Drug - Food interaction
1. High-fat meals
Interaction: Can delay absorption and onset of Silnafil, reducing its effectiveness.
Management: Take Silnafil on an empty stomach or after a light meal for best results.
2. Grapefruit and grapefruit juice
Interaction: Inhibits metabolism of Silnafil, increasing blood levels and risk of side effects like headache and flushing.
Management: Avoid or limit grapefruit and related citrus products during Silnafil treatment.
3. Alcohol
Interaction: Can increase side effects such as dizziness, headache, and low blood pressure, and reduce the medication’s effectiveness.
Management: Limit alcohol intake during Silnafil therapy to minimize risks and optimize benefits.
Synopsis
|
Drug |
: |
|
|
Pharmacological Category |
: |
Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors |
|
Therapeutic Indication |
: |
|
|
Dosage Forms |
: |
Tablet, Capsule, Oral Disintegrating Strips, Oral Jelly, Injection, Effervescent Tablet, Spray |
More Information
Storage
- Keep Silnafil 25 mg Tablet out of the sight and reach of children
- Store Silnafil 25 mg Tablet below 30°C
FAQs About SILNAFIL TABLET
Q: What is Silnafil 25 mg Tablet used for?
A: Silnafil 25 mg is primarily used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED), a condition in which a man finds it difficult to get or maintain a firm erection during sexual activity. It contains sildenafil citrate, the same active ingredient found in Viagra. The medicine helps increase blood flow to the penis during sexual stimulation. It does not increase sexual desire but helps in achieving a natural erection. It is taken when needed before sexual activity, not as a daily supplement.
Q: How does Silnafil 25 mg work in the body?
A: Silnafil 25 mg works by blocking the enzyme PDE5 (phosphodiesterase type 5). This allows the blood vessels in the penis to relax and widen, increasing blood flow during sexual arousal. Better blood circulation helps in achieving and maintaining an erection. Its effect occurs only when there is sexual stimulation. Without arousal, the medicine will not cause an erection on its own.
Q: How long does it take for Silnafil 25 mg to start working?
A: Silnafil 25 mg usually takes 30 to 60 minutes to start showing its effect. It is recommended to take the tablet on an empty stomach for faster absorption. High-fat meals may delay the effect and make it less powerful. Once active, its effects may last for about 3 to 4 hours, depending on the individual. Sexual arousal is necessary to experience the benefits of the medicine.
Q: How long do the effects of Silnafil 25 mg last?
A: The effect of Silnafil 25 mg typically lasts for up to 4 hours, although the peak effect is seen within the first 1–2 hours. This does not mean you will have a constant erection; instead, it means the body remains responsive to arousal during this time. Age, metabolism, food intake, and health conditions can influence duration. If the erection lasts longer than 4 hours (priapism), immediate medical care is required. Do not take another dose within 24 hours.
Q: Can I take Silnafil 25 mg daily?
A: Silnafil 25 mg is not usually recommended for daily use, unless specifically advised by a doctor. It is meant to be taken only when needed before sexual activity. Taking it daily without medical supervision may increase the risk of side effects like headaches, dizziness, low blood pressure, or dependence. If you require daily treatment for ED, your doctor may suggest a lower-dose daily tadalafil (Cialis) instead. Always follow medical advice for safe usage.
Q: Can Silnafil 25 mg be taken with food or after dinner?
A: Yes, you can take Silnafil 25 mg with or without food. However, for faster action and better effectiveness, it is better to take it on an empty stomach or after a light meal. Heavy, oily, or high-fat meals can delay absorption and reduce its effect. Drinking too much water immediately after taking it is also not necessary. Try to maintain a gap of 1–2 hours after dinner for best results.
Q: Can I take Silnafil 25 mg if I have diabetes or high blood pressure?
A: Yes, many people with diabetes or high blood pressure can safely take Silnafil 25 mg, as these conditions often lead to erectile dysfunction. However, a doctor’s approval is necessary to ensure there are no conflicting medications, such as nitrates or alpha-blockers used for blood pressure. Maintaining controlled sugar and blood pressure levels improves its effectiveness. Uncontrolled diabetes may reduce the response to the medicine. Always use it under medical guidance.
Q: Can I drink alcohol while taking Silnafil 25 mg?
A: It’s best to avoid or limit alcohol when taking Silnafil 25 mg. Alcohol can reduce blood pressure and weaken the drug’s effectiveness, making it harder to get or maintain an erection. It may also increase the likelihood of dizziness, fainting, or flushing. A small amount of alcohol may not cause harm, but excessive drinking can interfere with sexual performance. To get the best results, stay hydrated and keep alcohol intake minimal before use.
Q: Can Silnafil 25 mg be used for premature ejaculation?
A: Silnafil 25 mg is not specifically designed for premature ejaculation (PE); it treats erectile dysfunction (ED) by improving blood flow, not by delaying ejaculation. However, some men report improved confidence and better control due to reduced anxiety after taking it. For persistent premature ejaculation, doctors may prescribe other medications like dapoxetine or combination therapies. Always discuss symptoms openly with your doctor to choose the right treatment.
Q: Can older men use Silnafil 25 mg safely?
A: Yes, older men can safely use Silnafil 25 mg, but it should be taken under a doctor’s supervision. Since older adults often have heart, liver, or kidney conditions, a lower dose like 25 mg is a safe starting point. The doctor may adjust the dose depending on tolerance and response. It is important to monitor side effects such as dizziness or low blood pressure. Avoid self-dosing or taking it too frequently.
Q: Can I take Silnafil 25 mg with high blood pressure medications?
A: You can take Silnafil 25 mg with some high blood pressure medicines, but not all. It should never be taken with nitrate-based drugs (like nitroglycerin) or certain alpha-blockers, as this combination can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure. If you're on regular BP medication, consult your doctor first for safe usage. Most people with controlled hypertension can safely use it under supervision. Always mention every medicine you are currently taking.
Q: Is Silnafil 25 mg safe for long-term use?
A: Yes, Silnafil 25 mg can be used long-term if approved by your doctor and if no serious side effects occur. Many men use Sildenafil safely for years to manage erectile dysfunction. However, it should not be used daily unless your doctor recommends it. Regular health check-ups are advised to monitor blood pressure, heart health, and kidney function. Do not increase dosage without medical guidance.
Q: Is Silnafil 25 mg safe for people with kidney or liver problems?
A: People with mild to moderate kidney or liver problems may still use Silnafil 25 mg, but only under medical supervision. These organs help process the medication, so impaired function can lead to higher drug levels in the body. In such cases, doctors may start with a lower dose or recommend an alternative. Severe kidney or liver failure requires caution or complete avoidance. Never self-medicate in these conditions.
References
- K.D. Tripathi. Androgens and Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction. Essentials of medical pharmacology. Seventh edition. 2013. Page – 303-304.
- N. Srikant, SV Kotwal. Sildenafil – Oral Medication for Erectile Dysfunction – A Review. NIH National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. June 2017. [Accessed on 27th October 2025]

- Pfizer Ltd. Electronic Medicines Compendium (EMC). [Revised in January 2021] [Accessed on 27th October 2025]

- APL Swift Services (Malta) Limited. Electronic Medicines Compendium (EMC). [Revised in September 2020] [Accessed on 27th October 2025]





